Interview Questions

DevOps

1. What is AWS?

AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a cloud computing platform that provides services like computing, storage, databases, networking, and analytics over the internet on a pay-as-you-go pricing model.

2. What are the components of AWS?

Some major AWS services are:

  • Amazon EC2
  • Amazon S3
  • Amazon Route 53
  • Amazon EBS
  • Amazon CloudWatch
  • Key Pairs

3. What are Key Pairs?

Key Pairs are secure login credentials used to connect to EC2 instances.

They consist of:

  • Public Key
  • Private Key

4. What is S3?

S3 (Simple Storage Service) is an object storage service used to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere. It follows a pay-as-you-go model.

5. What are the pricing models for EC2 instances?

  • On-Demand
  • Reserved
  • Spot
  • Scheduled
  • Dedicated

6. What are the types of volumes for EC2 instances?

Two types:

  • Instance Store Volumes
  • EBS (Elastic Block Store)

7. What are EBS volumes?

EBS (Elastic Block Store) provides persistent storage for EC2 instances. Data remains available even after stopping an instance.

8. What are the types of EBS volumes?

  • General Purpose (SSD)
  • Provisioned IOPS (SSD)
  • Throughput Optimized HDD
  • Cold HDD
  • Magnetic

9. What are the different types of EC2 instances?

  • General Purpose
  • Compute Optimized
  • Memory Optimized
  • Storage Optimized
  • Accelerated Computing

10. What is Auto Scaling and its components?

Auto Scaling automatically increases or decreases the number of EC2 instances based on resource usage.

Components:

  • Auto Scaling Group
  • Launch Configuration

11. What are Reserved Instances?

Reserved Instances are EC2 instances reserved for 1 or 3 years at a lower cost.

12. What is an AMI?

AMI (Amazon Machine Image) is a template used to launch EC2 instances.

It contains:

  • Operating System
  • Software configuration
  • Permissions
  • Storage information

13. What is an EIP?

EIP (Elastic IP Address) is a static public IP address used for EC2 instances. It remains the same even after restarting an instance.

14. What is CloudWatch?

CloudWatch is an AWS monitoring service used to monitor AWS resources, applications, and performance metrics.

15. What are the types of CloudWatch monitoring?

  • Basic Monitoring (Free)
  • Detailed Monitoring (Paid)

16. What CloudWatch metrics are available for EC2?

Common metrics:

  • CPU Utilization
  • Disk Reads
  • Disk Writes
  • Network In
  • Network Out
  • Network Packets In
  • Network Packets Out
  • CPUCreditUsage
  • CPUCreditBalance

17. What is the minimum and maximum object size in S3?

Minimum : 0 Bytes

Maximum: 5 TB

18. What are the storage classes in S3?

  • Standard
  • Standard-IA (Infrequent Access)
  • One Zone-IA
  • Glacier
  • Reduced Redundancy Storage (RRS)

19. What is the default storage class in S3?

The default storage class is:

Standard (Frequently Accessed)

20. What is Glacier?

Glacier is a low-cost storage service used for long-term backup and archival of data.

21. How can you secure access to an S3 bucket?

You can secure an S3 bucket using:

  • ACL (Access Control List)
  • Bucket Policies
  • IAM Policies (commonly used)

22. How can you encrypt data in S3?

S3 supports:

  • SSE-S3 (Server-Side Encryption using AES-256)
  • SSE-KMS (AWS Key Management Service)
  • SSE-C (Customer-provided keys)

23. What are the parameters for S3 pricing?

S3 pricing depends on:

  • Storage used
  • Number of requests
  • Data transfer
  • Storage management
  • Transfer acceleration

24. What is the prerequisite for Cross-Region Replication (CRR) in S3?

Requirements:

  • Enable Versioning on both source and destination buckets.
  • Source and destination buckets must be in different AWS regions.

25. What are IAM Roles?

IAM Roles provide temporary permissions to AWS services or users without using permanent credentials. They are commonly used by EC2, Lambda, and other AWS services.

25. What are IAM Roles?

IAM Roles provide temporary permissions to AWS services or users without using permanent credentials. They are commonly used by EC2, Lambda, and other AWS services.

26. What are IAM Policies? What are their types?

IAM Policies define permissions for AWS resources.

Types:

  • Managed Policies
  • Inline Policies

27. What is CloudFront?

CloudFront is AWS's Content Delivery Network (CDN). It delivers content to users with low latency and high speed by caching data at edge locations.

28. What are Edge Locations?

Edge Locations are AWS data centers that cache content closer to users, reducing latency and improving performance.

29. What is the maximum archive size in Glacier?

The maximum size of a single archive in Glacier is 40 TB.

30. What is VPC?

VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is a logically isolated virtual network in AWS where you can launch AWS resources securely.

It allows you to configure:

  • IP address ranges
  • Subnets
  • Route Tables
  • Internet Gateway
  • NAT Gateway
  • Security Groups
  • Network ACLs

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